Dog breath: Causes and what you can do
Dog bad breath is most often caused by dental plaque, tartar, or inflamed gums, where bacteria multiply. Sometimes food residue, the food itself, or habits such as eating feces are also to blame. Rarely, the odor is an indication of an underlying medical condition. If your dog’s mouth smells noticeably strong all the time or suddenly, have your veterinarian check it out. For everyday care, regular dental hygiene is the most important thing. This guide will tell you about the possible causes and what you can do yourself.
Is bad breath normal in dogs?
No dog’s mouth is completely odorless. A slight food odor, especially right after eating, is completely normal. It becomes noticeable if the odor is pungent, foul, or sweet, persists, or if you can smell it from a distance. In that case, it’s worth taking a closer look inside the mouth.
The most common causes of bad breath in dogs
Dental plaque and tartar
By far the most common cause. After every meal, a soft layer of food residue and bacteria forms on the teeth. If it is not removed, minerals from saliva build up, forming hard, yellowish-brown tartar. Bacteria living there produce foul-smelling sulfur compounds. Many dogs have visible tartar by about age three.
Inflamed gums
Tartar irritates the gums. They become red, swollen, and may bleed. If left untreated, the inflammation can spread to the supporting structures of the teeth. This is uncomfortable for your dog and should be handled by a veterinarian.
Food residue and foreign objects
Fibers from chew items, blades of grass, or small wood splinters can get stuck between the teeth or on the roof of the mouth and begin to smell.
Food and habits
Some types of food, such as those with a lot of fish or offal, smell more intensely. Dogs that eat feces or carrion also understandably often have unpleasant breath.
Teething in puppies
During teething, for example between four and seven months of age, many puppies temporarily have bad breath. This usually subsides once the permanent teeth have come in.
Medical conditions
More rarely, bad breath has causes outside the mouth, such as in the gastrointestinal tract, metabolic diseases, or problems with internal organs. An unusual odor—for example, sweet, foul, or reminiscent of urine—should therefore always be checked by a veterinarian.
When should you take your dog to the vet?
A visit to the vet is advisable if you notice any of the following signs:
- The bad breath is sudden or becomes noticeably stronger.
- You see tartar, red or bleeding gums, or loose teeth.
- Your dog eats poorly, chews on only one side, or drops food.
- He drools excessively, rubs his mouth with his paw, or does not want to be touched there.
- He drinks an unusual amount, seems listless, or is losing weight.
Tartar cannot simply be brushed away. Once it has formed, your veterinarian can remove it professionally, usually under anesthesia. You can read about what happens during the procedure in our guide Removing tartar in dogs.
What helps with bad breath in dogs? Tips for everyday care
Once the cause has been ruled out and the mouth is healthy, you can do a lot to keep it that way with good care:
- Brush the teeth: Regular brushing with a dog toothbrush and dog toothpaste is the most thorough method for removing plaque. Daily is ideal, but even several times a week makes a big difference. Gradually get your dog used to it with rewards.
- Let them chew: Suitable chew items keep your dog occupied and can help loosen soft plaque while chewing. Choose a size and hardness appropriate for your dog and stay nearby while they chew.
- Dental care through food: For dogs that do not like toothbrushes, there are dental care powders that you can simply sprinkle over their food.
- Check the mouth regularly: Look at the teeth and gums once a week. This will help you spot changes early.
- Offer fresh water: Drinking enough supports saliva flow, which naturally rinses the mouth.
- Dental check-up at the vet: Have the teeth checked during the annual preventive examination.
Dental care with Oral Vital
For daily dental care without a toothbrush, we offer Oral Vital. The dental care powder contains eggshell powder, parsley, kelp meal, peppermint, and spirulina, among other ingredients, and is free from preservatives. Simply sprinkle it over the food. However, it does not replace a visit to the vet for tartar or inflamed gums.
What about home remedies?
Coconut oil, parsley, or carrots are often mentioned as home remedies for bad breath. A carrot for gnawing or some fresh parsley in the food is generally safe for most dogs. However, they do not replace dental care or remove tartar. Avoid toothpaste for humans: it often contains fluoride and sometimes xylitol, which is toxic to dogs.
Frequently asked questions about bad breath in dogs
Why does my dog’s breath smell bad?
Dental plaque, tartar, or irritated gums are usually to blame. Food residue, intensely scented food, or eating feces can also affect breath. More rarely, an underlying medical condition is the cause, so noticeable bad breath should be checked by a veterinarian.
Why does my dog’s breath smell fishy?
A fishy odor may come from food, especially fish or fish oil. It can also be caused by dental plaque. Some dogs also lick their rear end when their anal glands are full.
Do small dogs have bad breath more often?
Yes, small breeds are more frequently affected by tartar because their teeth are close together relative to their jaw. Plaque can more easily become firmly attached there. Early and regular dental care is particularly worthwhile for small dogs.
How often should I brush my dog’s teeth?
Daily is best, but at least two to three times a week. It is important to use a toothbrush and toothpaste specifically designed for dogs.
Can I remove tartar from my dog myself?
We advise against it. You could damage the tooth enamel and gums with scrapers or tools, and you cannot reach tartar beneath the gum line anyway. Your veterinarian will take care of this.
Conclusion: Take bad breath seriously and care for the teeth
Bad breath in dogs is usually a sign that plaque or tartar has formed on the teeth. If your dog’s mouth smells strong all the time or suddenly, have the cause checked by a veterinarian. If the mouth is healthy, regular brushing, suitable chew items, dental care through food, and a weekly look inside the mouth are the best habits to keep your dog’s teeth and gums healthy.
